Why antibiotics are not useful against dormant bacteria?

Antibiotics target actively dividing bacteria by interfering with processes such as cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, or DNA replication. Dormant bacteria, however, are in a metabolically inactive state and do not undergo these processes, rendering antibiotics ineffective. Additionally, dormant bacteria can enter a persister cell state, allowing them to survive antibiotic treatment and potentially reactivate later, leading to persistent infections.