What is a climate of extreme cold weather called?

A climate of extreme cold weather is typically referred to as a "polar climate" or "subarctic climate." These climates are characterized by long, harsh winters with low temperatures, and often include regions within the Arctic and Antarctic circles. The Köppen climate classification system designates these climates as "ET" for tundra and "EF" for ice cap conditions. Such environments experience minimal precipitation, primarily in the form of snow.