Betelgeuse is a red supergiant star located in the constellation Orion, while the Sun is a medium-sized yellow dwarf star at the center of our solar system. Betelgeuse is significantly larger and more luminous than the Sun, with a diameter approximately 1,000 times greater and a brightness about 100,000 times that of the Sun. Additionally, Betelgeuse is nearing the end of its life cycle and is expected to explode as a supernova, whereas the Sun is in a stable phase of its life and will eventually become a red giant before shedding its outer layers to form a white dwarf.
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