In a charged lead-acid cell, the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) solution mixed with water. This mixture facilitates the electrochemical reactions between the lead dioxide (PbO₂) at the positive plate and the spongy lead (Pb) at the negative plate. When the cell is charged, the concentration of sulfuric acid increases, resulting in a higher density of the electrolyte. The electrolyte plays a crucial role in conducting ions between the electrodes during discharge and charge cycles.
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