When did the first fighter jet take off from a ship?

The real answerOn July 21, 1946, in the first U.S. test of the adaptability of jet aircraft to shipboard operations, an FD-1 Phantom, piloted by Cmdr. James Davidson made successful landing and take-offs on board USS Franklin D. Roosevelt (CVB 42).

1910? Are you kidding? Not for a jet.

The actual real answer:

3 December 1945 - pilot was Eric "Winkle" Brown, in a de Havilland Vampire, from HMS Ocean.