Catherine of Aragon, The Spanish Princess, married Prince Arthur the eldest son of Henry VII. However Arthur died shortly after and before the marriage was physically consummated.
After a dispensation from the Pope she married Arthur's brother who later became Henry VIII. She bore him six children but only one survived, a Daughter who later became Mary I.
Henry VIII was desperate for a male heir and asked the Pope to annul his marriage to Catherine to allow him to marry again. The Pope refused to annul the marriage. Henry was determined to marry Anne Boleyn and so he broke off religious attachments to Rome and the Pope and declared an Act of Supremacy which effectively made himself head of the English church. Henry VIII then divorced himself from Catherine and married Anne Boleyn.
Catherine was banished from court and never accepted her divorce. Henry VIII break with Rome and his divorce from Catherine of Aragon is often cited as one of the complex factors which led to the English Reformation.
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