When iodine sublimes, it transitions from a solid state directly to a gaseous state without passing through a liquid phase. This process requires energy, known as the enthalpy of sublimation, which is absorbed from the surroundings. As the iodine molecules gain energy, they overcome the intermolecular forces holding them together in the solid form, resulting in the formation of gaseous iodine. This absorption of energy leads to a cooling effect in the surrounding environment.
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