What special authority did bishop of Rome assume?

The Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, assumed special authority as the spiritual leader of the Roman Catholic Church, claiming to be the successor of Saint Peter, whom Catholics believe was appointed by Jesus as the head of his disciples. This authority includes the ability to define doctrines, guide the Church's moral teachings, and exercise jurisdiction over other bishops. The Pope also has the unique role of being a symbol of unity among Catholics worldwide. Additionally, the papacy has historically engaged in political and diplomatic matters, influencing both religious and secular affairs.