What countries dominated African imperialism?

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, European countries such as Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, and Portugal dominated African Imperialism. Britain controlled vast territories including Egypt, South Africa, and Nigeria, while France expanded into West and Central Africa. Germany held colonies in present-day Namibia, Tanzania, and Cameroon, and Belgium is infamous for its brutal rule in the Congo. This scramble for Africa led to significant exploitation and lasting impacts on the continent's political, social, and economic structures.