What was the effect of the latifundia on small farmers?

The latifundia, large agricultural estates common in ancient Rome, significantly marginalized small farmers by monopolizing land and resources. As wealthy landowners expanded their holdings, small farmers often found it difficult to compete, leading to widespread displacement and economic hardship. Many smallholders were forced to sell their land or work as laborers on latifundia, exacerbating social inequalities and contributing to urban migration as they sought better opportunities in cities. This shift disrupted traditional agricultural practices and diminished the role of small-scale farming in the economy.