How did the columbian exchange affect the new world and old world societies?

The Columbian Exchange significantly transformed both the New World and Old World societies by facilitating the transfer of crops, livestock, and diseases. In the New World, the introduction of European crops like wheat and livestock such as cattle changed agricultural practices and diets, while Old World populations faced devastating epidemics due to the introduction of diseases like smallpox. Conversely, the New World contributed crops like maize, potatoes, and tomatoes to the Old World, which improved nutrition and supported population growth. This exchange ultimately reshaped economies, cultures, and Demographics on both sides of the Atlantic.