The intellectual and cultural movement known as humanism arose from the study of what?

Humanism probably originates with the studies of ancient Greeks (in particular Anaxagoras) who realised they could study nature without recourse to the supernatural. The separation of the natural world from the belief in gods - ancient Greeks were generally pantheists - led away from the belief that morality came from an external, supernatural source and to treating humanity; the dignity of Man, as the prime concern of philosophy.