The McCulloch v. Maryland case involved James McCulloch, the cashier of the Second Bank of the United States, and the state of Maryland. Maryland imposed a tax on the bank, which McCulloch refused to pay, leading to a legal dispute. The case ultimately reached the Supreme Court, where Chief Justice John Marshall delivered the opinion that upheld the federal government's authority to create a national bank and denied the state's right to tax it. This landmark decision reinforced federal supremacy over state laws.
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