How was Japans attack on Pearl Harbor similar to Germanys invasion of Poland?

Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and Germany's invasion of Poland were both surprise military operations intended to rapidly incapacitate a key adversary and secure strategic advantages. Both actions occurred in the context of expanding military ambitions—Japan aimed to dominate the Pacific, while Germany sought to assert control over Europe. Furthermore, both attacks prompted immediate and significant responses from the targeted nations, leading to the escalation of World War II. Ultimately, these events marked pivotal moments that shifted the trajectory of the war.