They lasted 50 years 499-449 BCE.
The Persian objective was to promote peace and stability within its empire which included Greek cities in Asia Minor and the Islands..
The Greeks outside the emepire in mainland Greece provided support to rebellious Greek cities within the empire.
Persia decided to incorporate those cities into its empire to create an ethnic frontier to end troubles.
The southern mainland Greek cities resisted.
They established naval superiority and progressively defeated the Persian sea and land forces.
The Persians agreed to stay away from the Greek cities.
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