What retains heat energryfrom the sun in the atmosphere?

The atmosphere retains heat energy from the sun primarily through greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor. These gases absorb and re-radiate infrared radiation emitted from the Earth's surface, trapping heat and keeping the planet warm. This process, known as the greenhouse effect, is essential for maintaining a stable climate but can contribute to global warming when concentrations of these gases increase.