Under the reign of Ramses II, Egypt was invaded by "Sea People," and Egyptian warships defeated them. It has not been proven who these people were, but it is theorized that they were Greeks who fled from the island of Crete following the destruction of the Minoan Civilization, and that after their defeat they turned East to become the dreaded Phillistines who plagued Israel in the Book of Judges. Rome's first sea battles were probably against Carthage. As the Carthaginians were experts at sea, the Romans did badly at first, but they learned and eventually won. After the destruction of Carthage, Rome owned most of the Mediterranean Sea nominally, but they were still plagued by pirates until the Senate granted Pompey enough resources to exterminate them, which he did with sea battles. The last and greatest sea battle of ancient times was the Battle of Actium, fought between Rome and Egypt, and it was also one of the most decisive in world history.
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