How can sodium bicarbonate reduce acidity in the stomach?

Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, works by neutralizing excess stomach acid when it reacts with the acid to form water, carbon dioxide, and salt. This reaction helps to raise the pH level in the stomach, reducing acidity and providing relief from heartburn and indigestion. However, it is important to use it in moderation as excessive consumption can lead to side effects like gas and bloating.