What is seed hardening?

Seed hardening is a pre-sowing treatment that enhances seed resilience to environmental stresses, such as drought, salinity, and disease. It typically involves exposing seeds to controlled conditions, such as hydration followed by dehydration, which helps improve germination rates and seedling vigor. This process can lead to better establishment and growth in challenging conditions, ultimately increasing crop yields. Seed hardening is particularly beneficial in areas with variable climates or poor soil conditions.