Why did President Grover Cleveland invoke the Monroe Doctrine to force Great Britain to back down in Venezuela?

President Grover Cleveland invoked the Monroe Doctrine in response to a border dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana in the 1890s. He asserted that the U.S. would not tolerate European intervention in the Western Hemisphere, framing the issue as a matter of American sovereignty and regional stability. Cleveland's stance pressured Britain to negotiate rather than assert colonial claims, marking a significant assertion of U.S. influence in foreign affairs and demonstrating the Doctrine's role in American diplomatic policy.