Present thinking is that lighter skin colours came to prominence in Europe during the ice ages when the human race in those locations was depleted to very few inbreeding couples and genetic mutations could spread easily. The lighter skin aided vitamin D formation and was an evolutionary survival benefit. Prior to that time people are generally thought to be more heavily pigmented. The impact of the inter species between white humans and non human Neanderthals may have led to other genetic changes affecting the eyes (blue eye coloration) and hair (red hair)
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