Why is HF is polar while H and F are not polar?

HF (hydrogen fluoride) is polar because of the significant difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and fluorine, with fluorine being much more electronegative. This difference causes a dipole moment, where the electrons are drawn closer to the fluorine atom, creating a partial negative charge on fluorine and a partial positive charge on hydrogen. In contrast, elemental hydrogen (H₂) and fluorine (F₂) are nonpolar because they consist of identical atoms sharing electrons equally, resulting in no dipole moment.