What are the basic properties of the atmosphere?

The atmosphere is composed of layers of gases that include nitrogen (about 78%), oxygen (about 21%), and trace amounts of other gases such as carbon dioxide and argon. It has properties such as pressure, temperature, and density, which vary with altitude. The atmosphere also plays a crucial role in weather patterns, climate regulation, and protecting the Earth from harmful solar radiation. Additionally, it contains water vapor, which is essential for the water cycle and weather phenomena.