How many troops did Napoleon lose between June and December 1812?

Between June and December 1812, during the ill-fated invasion of Russia, Napoleon's Grande Armée suffered catastrophic losses. Out of an estimated 600,000 troops that entered Russia, only about 100,000 remained by December due to combat, harsh winter conditions, starvation, and desertion. This marked one of the most significant military defeats in history, severely weakening Napoleon's power in Europe.