Octavian, later known as Augustus, strategically undermined Marc Antony's popularity by portraying him as a traitor to Rome, especially after Antony's alliance with Cleopatra. He used Propaganda to frame Antony's actions as a threat to the Roman Republic, culminating in the propaganda campaign that emphasized his own loyalty to Roman values. The decisive moment came at the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE, where Octavian's forces defeated Antony and Cleopatra. Following their defeat and subsequent suicides, Octavian consolidated power, becoming the first Roman emperor.
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