What did Mendel learn about his pea plants?

Mendel learned that traits in pea plants are inherited in specific patterns, as he studied seven characteristics such as flower color and seed shape. He discovered the concepts of dominant and recessive traits, leading to his formulation of the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment. His experiments demonstrated that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units, now known as genes. These findings laid the foundation for modern genetics.