What are challenges faced by organisms in the tidal zone?

Organisms in the tidal zone face several challenges, including fluctuating salinity levels due to changes in water levels, exposure to air during low tide, and varying temperatures. They must also contend with wave action, which can dislodge them from their habitats and reduce their ability to feed or reproduce. Additionally, competition for resources and predation are constant threats in this dynamic environment. Adaptations such as specialized structures and behaviors are essential for survival in this challenging habitat.