World war 1 and civilian resistance?

There was not much civilian resistance. When the Germans invaded Belgium and northern France in August 1914 they murdered thousands of civilians, and burned entire towns, such as the ancient university city of Louvain. This was pursuant to the official German policy of "schrecklichkeit" - "frightfulness". The cemeteries of Belgium are full of rows of crosses bearing the inscription "Fusilee par les Allemans 1914" (Shot by the Germans), right beside rows of identical crosses with the same inscription but the date 1940. This policy of frightfulness was intended to cow the civilian population into obedience and to remove any potential person around whom civilian resistance might coalesce. For instance, the Germans routinely shot the priest in every town. This policy also allowed the Germans to give vent to their anger, as they seemed to feel the Belgians were wickedly unobliging in attempting to resist militarily the righteous Imperial German Army on its chosen route to France. This was policy if no one offered any resistance. If anyone in civilian clothes actually did attempt to harm the Germans they extracted an even more terrible vengeance from their town. Civilians arming themselves and resisting invaders were not yet guerrillas, they were "franc tireurs", and liable to be immediately shot out of hand, if taken armed but not in uniform. The Germans of course alleged to the rest of the world that their thousands of Belgian and French civilian victims were franc tireurs.