What were the factors which enabled the Portuguese to dominate the Indian ocean in the 16th century?

The Portuguese dominance in the Indian ocean during the 16th century was facilitated by several key factors. Firstly, they developed advanced maritime technology and navigation skills, allowing for longer sea voyages. Secondly, the establishment of strategic coastal fortifications and trading posts, such as those in Goa and Malacca, enabled them to control key trade routes. Additionally, alliances with local rulers and the use of military force helped to assert their influence over regional trade networks.