Who led most of the Italian renassiance city-states?

Most of the Italian Renaissance city-states were led by powerful families or ruling elites. Prominent among them were the Medici family in Florence, who were influential patrons of the arts and politics. In Venice, the Doges held significant authority, while in Milan, the Sforza family rose to power. Each city-state had its own unique leadership structure, but the influence of wealthy families was a common thread throughout the Renaissance period.