Between 1290 and 1310, several significant events occurred worldwide. In Europe, the ongoing conflict between England and Scotland saw the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, though it falls just outside the specified range, tensions were escalating during this period. In the Middle East, the Mamluks defeated the Mongol invasion at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, which continued to shape regional dynamics. Additionally, the start of the 14th century saw the rise of the Ottoman Empire, laying the groundwork for its future expansion.
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