How do the three types of cones differ?

The three types of cone cells in the human retina differ in their sensitivity to different wavelengths of light, corresponding to short (S-cones), medium (M-cones), and long (L-cones) wavelengths. S-cones are primarily sensitive to blue light, M-cones to green light, and L-cones to red light. This diversity allows our visual system to perceive a wide range of colors through a process called color vision, where the brain interprets the varying levels of stimulation from each cone type. Thus, the combination of signals from these cones enables us to see the full spectrum of colors.