Could there be a noun and a verb and an adjective in one sentence?

Yes. You need a subject and a verb for any sentence. Example:

The girl plays.

Article: the

Noun: girl

Verb: plays

Then, add an adjective, and you still have a sentence:

The young girl plays.

Adjective: young

You may also have multiple nouns, adjectives, and verbs in a single sentence by using additional articles, conjunctions, etc. Example:

The young, pretty girl plays and decorates with her doll's four beautiful fabric ribbons.

Article: The

Adjectives: young, pretty, four, beautiful, fabric

Nouns: girl, doll, ribbons

Conjunction: and

Verbs: plays, decorates

Preposition: with

Pronoun: her