How are S waves and vertical surface waves different?

S waves, or secondary waves, are a type of seismic wave that travels through the Earth's interior, moving perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. They can only travel through solid materials and are responsible for much of the shaking felt during an earthquake. In contrast, vertical surface waves, such as Love and Rayleigh waves, travel along the Earth's surface and can cause both horizontal and vertical ground motion. Surface waves generally have longer wavelengths and lower frequencies than S waves, leading to more prolonged shaking during seismic events.