How does the bipolar disorder affect the nervous system?

Bipolar disorder affects the nervous system by influencing neurotransmitter systems, particularly those involving serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, which regulate mood and emotional responses. During manic episodes, the nervous system may become hyperactive, leading to increased energy, impulsivity, and reduced need for sleep. Conversely, depressive episodes can cause a slowdown in neural activity, resulting in fatigue, sadness, and cognitive impairment. These fluctuations can disrupt overall brain function and emotional regulation, impacting daily life and relationships.