Why do many people believe reconstruction was a failure?

Many people view Reconstruction as a failure because it struggled to achieve its primary goals of integrating formerly enslaved individuals into society and securing their civil rights. Despite the initial advances such as the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, systemic racism and violent backlash, particularly through groups like the Ku Klux Klan, undermined these efforts. Additionally, the Compromise of 1877 led to the withdrawal of federal troops from the South, resulting in the establishment of Jim Crow laws and a return to white supremacy. This legacy of discrimination and inequality has contributed to the perception of Reconstruction as an incomplete and ultimately unsuccessful endeavor.