Did they ever make copper quarters?

If you mean pure copper, no. Quarters were made of 90% silver / 10% copper up till 1964; in 1965 the composition was changed to the current "sandwich" of 75% copper / 25% nickel outer layers bonded to an inner core of pure copper.

If your coin weighs the same as a regular quarter, it's been plated - this is a common high school chemistry experiment. However, if it's thinner than a regular quarter it's possible that you have what's called a lamination error. That happens when the outer cladding on a modern quarter separates from the copper core. Normally that happens only on one side so a double lamination error is fairly scarce; if that's what you appear to have the coin should be inspected in person.