What conditions and raw materials are necessary for photosynthesis?

The materials and conditions essential for the process of photosynthesis are:-

1) Chlorophyll and other pigments - Chlorophylls are the green photosynthetic pigments present in the grana along with other pigments like carotenoids. They absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy.

2) Water - It is one of the essential raw materials in photosynthesis. Terrestrial plants take it in from the soil through roots. Aquatic plants take it from the surrounding water through thin eperdemis of their body surface. Water molecules undergo photolysis split and form oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen is released in air through open stomata (the minute apertures in the leaf epirdemis.)

3) Carbon-dioxide - It is also the raw material in the process photosynthesis used in dark phase reactions. It enters the plants through stomata from surrounding air or in case of hydrophytes from water through general body surface. It reaches chloroplast, where it is utilized along with water to produce carbohydrates in dark phase reaction.

4) Light - It is the source of energy for photoautotrophic organisms. The pigments present in the grana of the chloroplasts absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy. This energy is stored in form of ATP molecules. Light brings about photolysis of water molecules to release oxygen. All these reactions take place in the light phase.

5) Suitable temperature - Photosynthesis depends on the reactions of enzymes in the chloroplasts. Enzymes are the organisms which complete the reaction in a limited time in a suitable temperature.