How are the vertebrae joined together?

The vertebrae are joined together by intervertebral discs, which act as cushions and allow for flexibility and movement of the spine. Ligaments, such as the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments, provide stability by connecting the vertebrae along their lengths. Additionally, facet joints between adjacent vertebrae enable articulation and support the spine's structural integrity. This combination of discs, ligaments, and joints allows for both mobility and support in the spinal column.