How was Greatness restored in Egypt during the Middle and new Kingdom?

Greatness in Egypt was restored during the Middle Kingdom (c. 2050–1710 BCE) through a series of strong pharaohs who focused on consolidating power, enhancing trade, and investing in monumental architecture and art, which fostered a sense of national identity. The New Kingdom (c. 1550–1070 BCE) further solidified this greatness through military conquests, expanding Egypt's territory, and establishing it as a dominant power in the region. Pharaohs like Hatshepsut and Ramses II promoted extensive building projects and diplomatic relations, while the wealth from trade and tribute contributed to cultural and economic flourishing. These periods marked a renaissance of Egyptian civilization, characterized by advancements in art, literature, and religious practices.