Who gave tetrahedral concept about carbon?

The tetrahedral concept about carbon was introduced by the chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in the early 19th century, but it was later popularized and further developed by the chemist Archibald Scott Couper and the structural chemist Aleksandr Butlerov. The concept describes the arrangement of four substituents around a central carbon atom in a tetrahedral geometry, a key feature in understanding organic molecular structure. This model is fundamental to the study of organic chemistry and the behavior of carbon compounds.