What the difference between income tax and excise duty?

Income tax is a tax levied on an individual's or entity's earnings, including wages, salaries, and profits, calculated based on their total income. In contrast, excise duty is a type of indirect tax imposed on specific goods and services, such as alcohol, tobacco, and fuel, typically included in the price paid by consumers. While income tax is progressive and based on income levels, excise duty is usually a fixed amount per unit or percentage of the price, regardless of the buyer's income.