Who were the two sides to the 30 years war?

The Thirty Years' War primarily pitted the Protestant states of the Holy Roman Empire, supported by various external powers like Sweden and France, against the Catholic Habsburgs and their allies, who sought to maintain Catholic dominance in Europe. The conflict began as a struggle between Protestant and Catholic factions within the Empire but evolved into a wider political struggle involving multiple European nations. The war concluded in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia, which marked significant shifts in power and territorial boundaries in Europe.