What are Changes in the shape of Earth's orbit around the Sun?

The shape of Earth's orbit around the Sun changes due to a phenomenon known as orbital eccentricity, which varies over long periods due to gravitational interactions with other celestial bodies. These changes can cause the orbit to become more elongated or more circular over cycles of approximately 100,000 years. Additionally, the tilt of the Earth's axis and precession also contribute to variations in climate patterns over geological timescales. Collectively, these changes are part of the Milankovitch cycles, which influence Earth's climate and glacial-interglacial periods.