How did Inca maintain control of their empire without the system of writing?

The Inca maintained control of their vast empire through an extensive system of roads and messengers, known as the chasquis, who facilitated rapid communication across great distances. They also employed a quipu, a series of knotted strings, to record information and manage administrative tasks, such as tax collection and census data. Additionally, the Incas utilized a centralized bureaucracy and enforced a policy of resettlement, integrating conquered peoples into their society and promoting loyalty through shared religious and cultural practices. This combination of infrastructure, administrative innovations, and integration strategies allowed them to effectively govern without a written language.