How does DNA move during gel electrophoresis and what factors influence its migration through the gel?

During gel electrophoresis, DNA moves through a gel matrix in response to an electric field. The factors that influence its migration through the gel include the size of the DNA fragments, the strength of the electric field, and the composition of the gel matrix. Smaller DNA fragments move faster and farther than larger ones, while a higher electric field strength and a gel matrix with a higher concentration of agarose can also affect the speed and distance of DNA migration.