What are the merits and limitations of HYV seeds?

High-Yielding Varieties (HYV) seeds offer several merits, including increased crop productivity, improved resistance to pests and diseases, and the ability to grow in diverse climatic conditions. However, their limitations include a higher dependency on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, reduced genetic diversity, and the potential for environmental degradation. Additionally, smallholder farmers may face challenges in accessing these seeds due to costs or lack of support. Overall, while HYV seeds can enhance food security, their use must be managed sustainably.