How did western industrial powers gain global empires?

Western industrial powers gained global empires primarily through advancements in technology, military strength, and economic exploitation. The Industrial Revolution provided these nations with superior weaponry, steam-powered ships, and efficient communication systems, enabling them to conquer and colonize vast territories. Additionally, the establishment of trade networks and the extraction of resources facilitated their economic dominance, allowing them to exert political control over colonized regions. This combination of military might and economic interest led to the establishment of extensive global empires.