What important discovery enabled scholars to read Egyptian writing?

The important discovery that enabled scholars to read Egyptian writing was the Rosetta Stone, found in 1799. This artifact features the same text inscribed in three scripts: Greek, Demotic, and hieroglyphics. The Greek inscription provided a crucial key for scholars, particularly Jean-François Champollion, to decipher the hieroglyphs and unlock the language of ancient Egypt. This breakthrough significantly advanced our understanding of Egyptian history and culture.