How does patch array antenna work?

A patch array antenna consists of multiple individual patch antennas arranged in a specific configuration to enhance performance, such as gain and directivity. Each patch radiates electromagnetic waves, and by controlling the phase and amplitude of the signals fed to each patch, the overall radiation pattern can be shaped and steered. This allows for improved signal strength in desired directions while minimizing interference from other angles. The design can be optimized for various applications, including communications and radar systems.